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Alfred Schütz
Alfred Schütz (13 April 1899 – 20 May 1959) was an Austrian social scientist, whose work bridged sociological and phenomenological traditions to form a social phenomenology. Notably, Schütz is "gradually achieving recognition as one of the foremost philosophers of social science of the () century".〔George Walsh, "Introduction", Alfred Schütz, ''The Phenomenology of the Social World'' (Illinois 1997) p. xv〕 Schütz "attempted to relate the thought of Edmund Husserl to the social world and the social sciences. His ''Phenomenology of the Social World'' supplied philosophical foundations for Max Weber's existing sociology and for economics", with which he was familiar.
Schütz believes that, "There will be, however, different opinions about whether this behavior should be studied in the same manner in which the natural scientist studies his object ... ()e take the position that the social sciences have to deal with human conduct and its commonsense interpretation in the social reality, involving the analysis of the whole system of projects and motives, or relevances and constructs ... Such an analysis refers by necessity to the subjective point of view."
==Biography==
Schütz was born in Vienna, Austria, into an upper-middle-class Jewish family as an only child. Following his graduation from high school he was drafted into the Austrian army, where he quickly rose to the American army equivalent rank of second lieutenant within an army regiment that was promptly dispatched to fight in series of heavy battles on the Italian front. As noted by Wagner (1983) his experience of combat in tandem with his returning to starving and economically decimated Vienna created an enduring sense of estrangement from the post-war social order and subsequently a search for meaning in life. However, out of necessity Schutz enrolled at the University of Vienna, where he enrolled at the Viennese Academy of International Trade from 1919 to 1920 while also adopting a concentration in International Law. After developing a well-established and prominent career in international banking, Schutz married Ilse Heim in 1926. In 1933 the threat of Hitler’s rise in Germany caused Schutz and other Viennese intellectuals to flee Austria in order to seek asylum in allied countries. Consequently, Schutz and his family relocated to Paris in 1938 in political exile.
Schutz worked as an international lawyer for Reitler and Company, and moved to the United States in 1939, where he became a member of the faculty of The New School. He taught sociology and philosophy as well as serving as chair of the Philosophy department. Schütz is unique as a scholar of the social sciences in that he pursued a career as a lawyer for an Austrian banking firm for almost his entire life, teaching part-time at the New School for Social Research in New York and producing key papers in phenomenological sociology that fill three volumes (published by Nijhoff, The Hague). In fact, a major portion of Schütz's research and writing was actually completed before he became a professor. More specifically, most of his work and findings were done "part-time," while working full-time at the bank. Schutz received a substantial amount of assistance from his wife Ilse, who transcribed his working notes and letters from his taped dictations. Schütz died in New York City at the age of 60.
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